JVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 28 October 2009

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J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.00999-09
Copyright (c) 2009, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

Formaldehyde-inactivated whole virus vaccine protects a murine model of Enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis against disease

Kien Chai Ong, Shamala Devi, Mary Jane Cardosa, and Kum Thong Wong^*

Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Institute of Community Health and Medicine, University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: wongkt{at}um.edu.my.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes childhood hand, foot, and mouth disease and neurological complications, and no vaccines or therapeutic drugs are currently available. Formaldehyde-inactivated EV71 whole virus vaccines derived from clinical isolates and a mouse-adapted virus (MAV) were tested on a mouse model of EV71 encephalomyelitis. After only 2 immunizations, given at 1 and 7 days of age, the MAV vaccine protected mice from disease at age 14 days. Tissues from immunized mice were negative for virus by viral culture, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Cross-neutralizing EV71 antibodies to genotypes B3, B4, and C1-C5 generated in immunized adult mice was able to passively protect 14-day-old mice from disease.